What does "load factor limit" refer to in aviation?

The term "load factor limit" in aviation specifically refers to the maximum allowable load factor during flight. It is defined as the ratio of the lift of an aircraft to its weight and is typically expressed in Gs (gravitational forces). This parameter is crucial for maintaining structural integrity during flight maneuvers, especially during turbulence or high-speed turns. Exceeding the load factor limit can lead to structural damage or failure, which is why understanding and adhering to this limit is essential for safety and performance in aviation.

The other options, while related to aircraft operations, do not pertain to the concept of load factors. The minimum speed for takeoff, weight limits for cargo, and fuel capacity all address different operational parameters and constraints but do not reflect the specific relationship between load factor and structural limits of the aircraft.