What does the term "overload" refer to in aircraft structures?

The term "overload" in the context of aircraft structures specifically refers to structural failure that occurs due to excessive forces acting on the aircraft. This situation arises when the loads on the aircraft exceed what the structure was designed to withstand, leading to potential deformation, buckling, or even catastrophic failure. Overload can happen during extreme maneuvering, turbulent conditions, or when the aircraft is subjected to forces beyond its load limit during flight. Understanding this concept is essential for aerospace engineers and pilots, as it helps in designing safe aircraft structures and in making informed decisions during operation to avoid reaching overload conditions.

Other options are related to operational aspects of an aircraft but do not accurately capture the structural implications implied by the term "overload." Excess fuel, speed limits, and exceeding cargo weights are all operational concerns, but they do not specifically pertain to the structural integrity and limits of an aircraft.