What is a composite material?

A composite material is defined as a combination of two or more different materials that, when combined, produce unique properties that are not present in any single material alone. This combination is typically designed to enhance specific performance characteristics, such as strength, durability, or resistance to environmental conditions.

The defining feature of composites lies in their heterogeneous structure, where each constituent material retains its individual properties but works together to create a material with overall improved performance. This could involve pairing a strong but brittle material with a tough but weak material to achieve a balance that is advantageous in various applications.

In contrast, choices that suggest a single element, a lightweight metal alloy, or materials limited to high-temperature applications do not accurately capture the essence of composite materials, which thrive on the synergy created by the combination of dissimilar substances. This understanding is fundamental to various fields, including aerospace engineering, construction, and automotive industries, where composites are frequently utilized to meet demanding performance criteria.