What is a "load test" in aircraft structures?

A "load test" in aircraft structures refers to a procedure where the structures are subjected to specific loads to evaluate their performance and structural integrity under various conditions. This testing process helps engineers understand how the aircraft components will react to different forces, simulating real-world conditions such as flight maneuvers or environmental stresses.

During a load test, structures are often pushed to their design limits, and observations are made regarding any deformations, failures, or unexpected behaviors. The results of these tests are essential for ensuring that the airframe can safely withstand the forces it will encounter during operation.

In contrast, the other options describe processes that do not relate directly to assessing structural integrity. Checking fuel capacity pertains to fuel system functionality, testing material weight would focus on the density or mass of materials rather than their performance under load, and inspecting the exterior surface addresses physical wear or damage without evaluating the structural response to loading conditions. Therefore, subjecting structures to loads remains the core aspect of a load test, making the correct response clearly aligned with the definition of this testing procedure.